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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第4期   页码 341-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014060

摘要： The healthy and stable development of energy efficiencies in existing buildings cannot be separated from effective policy operation, and evaluating policy effectiveness contributes to scientifically-sound government decision-making. This paper creates an evaluation index system and a grey comprehensive evaluation model for policy effectiveness for energy efficiency in existing buildings using three dimensions: 1) the effect of the policy itself; 2) the administrative effect of the policy; and 3) policy implementation effects. It chooses the government’s subsidy policy and preferential tax policy at market cultivation stage for its empirical comparative evaluation. The evaluation indicates that the former is more effective. Finally, it puts forward policy development suggestions from the perspective of: 1) clarifying incentive object; 2) broadening incentive scope; 3) increasing incentive intensity; and 4) innovating incentive mode.

关键词： grey comprehensive evaluation     existing buildings     energy efficiency     policies effectiveness    

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Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

Lakshmi PATHAK, Kavita SHAH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 506-521 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0601-z

摘要： This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.

关键词： BRICS     CO2 emissions     energy     policies     renewable    

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Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 406-413 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0041-x

摘要： Within Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 561 “Thermally Highly Loaded, Porous and Cooled Multi-Layer Systems for Combined Cycle Power Plants” at RWTH Aachen University, an effusion-cooled multi-layer plate configuration is investigated numerically by the application of a three-dimensional in-house fluid flow and heat transfer solver, CHTflow. CHTflow is a conjugate code, which yields information on the temperature distribution in the solid body. This enables a detailed discussion of the effects of a change in materials. The geometrical set-up and the fluid flow conditions derive from modern gas turbine combustion chambers and bladings. Within the SFB, two different multi-layer systems, one consisting of substrate made of CMSX-4 (a single-crystal super-alloy), an MCrAlY-bondoat and a ZrO thermal barrier coating (TBC), and the other consisting of a NiAl-alloy and a graded bondcoat/TBC, have been investigated. The grading will increase the life-span of the TBC as it can better compensate the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials. The main focus in this study is on the different substrate materials, because the thermal conductivity of the NiAl is considerably higher than that of CMSX-4, which leads to different temperature profiles in the components. The numerical grid for the simulations contains the coolant supply (plenum), the solid body for the conjugate calculations, and the main flow area on the plate. The effusion-cooling is realized by finest drilled shaped holes with a diameter of 0.2mm. The investigation is concentrated on a cooling hole geometry with a laterally widened fan-shaped outlet, contoured throughout, and one without lateral widening that is only shaped in the TBC-region of the system. Two blowing ratios, =0.28 and =0.48, are investigated, both for a hot gas Mach number of 0.25. The results for the lower blowing ratio and the fully contoured hole are discussed as well as those of the higher blowing ratio and the non-laterally widened hole. These represent two characteristic cases.

关键词： conjugate calculation     effectiveness of effusion cooling     multi-layer systems     CMSX-4     NiAl-FG75    

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Review on environmental policies in China: Evolvement, features, and evaluation

ZHANG Kunmin, WEN Zongguo, PENG Liying

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0044-6

摘要： This article reviews the development of current environmental policies in China and the great progress made during 1979–2006. Applying lessons learned from industrialized countries to its own situation, China’s environmental policies have the following main features: (1) to explore command and control measures to their fullest extent, (2) to strive to raise funding for environmental protection, (3) to identify who should take accountability for environmental protection; (4) to encourage strategies of “combination of prevention and control” and “integrated utilization”, (5) to embrace openness in the field of environmental policy and early international cooperation. During the past 30 years, China’s environmental policies have evolved and deepened: status expanded the national basic policies of environmental protection by adding a sustainable development strategy, focus changed from pollution control to a combination of pollution control and ecological protection, method changed from end control to source control, scope changed form point source control to watershed and territory pollution control, and management style changed from primarily using executive power to using legal and economic measures. This article introduces how they are evaluated by the international community and provides the prospects of the policies.
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An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China: Policies, statistics, and future outlook

Deyi Hou, Guanghe Li, Paul Nathanail

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1027-x

摘要： There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated groundwater in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.

关键词： Groundwater pollution     Contaminated land     Groundwater remediation     Emerging market    

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Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 126-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0897-7

摘要： This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the quality of care of diabetes in Shanghai, China. A total of 173 235 patients with type 2 diabetes in 2017 were included in the analysis. Profiles of risk factors and intermediate outcomes were determined. The patients had a mean age of 66.43±8.12 (standard deviation (SD)) years and a mean diabetes duration of 7.95±5.53 (SD) years. The percentage of patients who achieved the target level for HbA1c (<7.0%) was 48.6%. Patients who achieved the target levels for blood pressure (BP)<130/80 mmHg and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c)<2.6 mmol/L reached 17.5% and 34.0%, respectively. A total of 3.8% achieved all three target levels, and the value increased to 6.8% with an adaptation of the BP target level (<140/90 mmHg) for those over 65 years. Multivariable analysis identified the factors associated with a great likelihood of achieving all three target levels: male, young age, short diabetes duration, low body mass index, macrovascular complications, no microvascular complications, prescribed with lipid-lowering medication, and no prescription of antihypertensive medication. In conclusion, nearly 50% and one-third of the patients with diabetes met the target levels for HbA1c and LDL-c, respectively, with a low percentage achieving the BP target level. The percentage of patients who achieved all three target levels needs significant improvement.

关键词： type 2 diabetes     quality of care     macrovascular complication     microvascular complication     treatment pattern     epidemiology    

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An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism for

LI Wei,HU Mengze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 316-328 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0625-5

摘要： Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies (EFPs) in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit (GC), green security (GS), and green insurance (GI) instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental management, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.

关键词： environmental finance policy     integrated mechanism     phased evolution     implementation progress     financial institution     environmental management    

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网络电子身份管理政策法规研究

邹翔,胡传平,方滨兴,陈兵

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第6期   页码 23-27 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.005

摘要：

本文对世界主要国家和地区网络电子身份管理的政策、法律法规等情况进行了全面分析与梳理，并结合我国网络身份管理发展国情，提出“十三五”期间我国网络电子身份管理政策法规的发展思路和建设性意见，以期为“十三五”期间我国网络身份管理发展政策法规的制定和修订工作提供借鉴和参考。

关键词： 网络电子身份     身份管理     政策法规    

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Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1301-1316 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0765-1

摘要： An integrated storm surge modeling and traffic analysis were conducted in this study to assess the effectiveness of hurricane evacuations through a case study of Hurricane Irma. The Category 5 hurricane in 2017 caused a record evacuation with an estimated 6.8 million people relocating statewide in Florida. The Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model was applied to simulate storm tides during the hurricane event. Model validations indicated that simulated pressures, winds, and storm surge compared well with observations. Model simulated storm tides and winds were used to estimate the area affected by Hurricane Irma. Results showed that the storm surge and strong wind mainly affected coastal counties in south-west Florida. Only moderate storm tides (maximum about 2.5 m) and maximum wind speed about 115 mph were shown in both model simulations and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) post-hurricane assessment near the area of hurricane landfall. Storm surges did not rise to the 100-year flood elevation level. The maximum wind was much below the design wind speed of 150–170 mph (Category 5) as defined in Florida Building Code (FBC) for south Florida coastal areas. Compared with the total population of about 2.25 million in the six coastal counties affected by storm surge and Category 1–3 wind, the statewide evacuation of approximately 6.8 million people was found to be an over-evacuation due mainly to the uncertainty of hurricane path, which shifted from south-east to south-west Florida. The uncertainty of hurricane tracks made it difficult to predict the appropriate storm surge inundation zone for evacuation. Traffic data were used to analyze the evacuation traffic patterns. In south-east Florida, evacuation traffic started 4 days before the hurricane’s arrival. However, the hurricane path shifted and eventually landed in south-west Florida, which caused a high level of evacuation traffic in south-west Florida. Over-evacuation caused Evacuation Traffic Index (ETI) to increase to 200% above normal conditions in some sections of highways, which reduced the effectiveness of evacuation. Results from this study show that evacuation efficiency can be improved in the future by more accurate hurricane forecasting, better public awareness of real-time storm surge and wind as well as integrated storm surge and evacuation modeling for quick response to the uncertainty of hurricane forecasting.

关键词： storm surge modeling     traffic     evacuation     Hurricane Irma    

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Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface flow constructed

ZHANG Rongshe, LI Guanghe, ZHANG Xu, ZHOU Qi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 89-93 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0002-3

摘要： Nitrogen removal of wetlands under 40 different inflow loadings were studied in the field during 15 months. The removal efficiency of four different sets of beds, namely the reed bed, the Zizania caduciflor bed, the mixing planting bed, and the control bed were studied. The outflow loading and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of these beds under different inflow loadings and pollution loadings were investigated. The inflow loadings of 4 sub-surface flow systems (SFS) ranged from 400 to 8000 mg·(m·d), while outflow loadings were less than 7000 mg·(m·d). The results showed that the inflow and outflow loading of TN removal rate in SFS presented an obvious linear relationship. The optical inflow loading to run the system was between 2000 to 4000 mg·(m·d). Average removal rate was between 1062 and 2007 mg·(m·d). SFS with plant had a better removal rate than the control. TN removal rates of the reed and Zizania caduciflora bed were 63% and 27% higher than the control bed, respectively. The results regarding the TN absorption of plants indicated that the absorption amount was very limited, less than 5% of the total removal. It proved that plants clearly increase TN removal rates by improving the water flow, and increasing the biomass, as well as activities of microorganisms around the roots. The research provided a perspective for understanding the TN removal mechanism and design for SFS.
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A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for species

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1741-x

摘要：

● Spartina abundance decreases over time by chemical control.

关键词： Plant invasion     Biodiversity     Meta-analysis     Restoration     Salt marshes     Treatment timing    

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Advanced manufacturing technology effectiveness: A review of literature and some issues

Sanjeev GOYAL, Sandeep GROVER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第3期   页码 256-267 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0330-7

摘要：

Advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) provides advantages to manufacturing managers in terms of flexibility, quality, reduced delivery times, and global competitiveness. Although a large number of publications had presented the importance of this technology, only a few had delved into related literature review. Considering the importance of this technology and the recent contributions by various authors, the present paper conducts a more comprehensive review. Literature was reviewed in a way that will help researchers, academicians, and practitioners to take a closer look at the implementation, evaluation, and justification of the AMT. The authors reviewed various papers, proposed a different classification scheme, and identified certain gaps that will provide hints for further research in AMT management.

关键词： advanced manufacturing technology (AMT)     classification     implementation     justification     evaluation    

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Pollutant reduction effectiveness of low-impact development drainage system in a campus

Shuhan Zhang, Yingying Meng, Jiao Pan, Jiangang Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0969-8

摘要： Building a rainwater system based on the idea of low-impact development (LID) is an important aspect of the current “sponge city” construction in China. The “sponge city” concept emphasizes that the runoff can permeate the soil or be stored temporarily, and rainwater could be used again when it is needed. Beijing is one of the earliest cities to study rainwater harvesting and LID techniques in China. Through long-term monitoring of rainfall, runoff flow, and water quality of a campus demonstration project in Beijing, the runoff quantity and pollutant concentration variations have been analyzed. Furthermore, the runoff reduction effects of single LID measure, such as green roof, filtration chamber, and permeable pavement, have been investigated. Additionally, the overall reduction effectiveness of the LID system on the average annual rainfall runoff and pollution load has been discussed. Preliminary studies suggest that runoff pollutant concentration is positively correlated with the rainfall interval time, and the longer rainfall interval time leads to higher runoff pollutant concentrations. The very good outflow quality of the rainwater harvesting system could satisfy the reclaimed water quality standard for scenic entertainment use. The non-point-source pollution reduction effects of the LID system are obvious because the pollutants could be removed by filtration on the one hand and the pollution load could be reduced because of the significantly reduced outflow on the other hand.

关键词： Low-impact development     Rainwater harvesting     Non-point-source pollution reduction     Campus    

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POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• Manure utilization is hindered by separate specialist crop and livestock production systems.

• Improving manure utilization requires organizations for manure exchange.

• Policies and action plans for improving manure utilization are critically reviewed.

• A manure chain approach with third-party contractors is recommended.

 

Livestock numbers in China have more than tripled between 1980 and 2017. The increase in the number of intensive livestock production systems has created the challenges of decoupled crop and livestock systems, low utilization of manures in croplands, and subsequent environmental pollution. Correspondingly, the government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to increase the sustainability of livestock production. This paper reviews the objectives of these policies and regulations and their impacts on manure management. Since 2017 there have been two policy guides to speed up the appropriate use of manures, three action plans for increasing manure recycling, and one technical guide to calculate nutrient balances. Requirements of manure pollution control and recycling for improved environmental performance of livestock production systems were included in three revised environmental laws. Most recent survey data indicate that the utilization of livestock manures was 70% in 2017, including that used as fertilizer and/or for production of energy. The targets for manure utilization are 75% in 2020 and 90% in 2035. To achieve these targets and promote ‘green livestock production’, additional changes are needed including the use of third-party enterprises that facilitate manure exchange between farms and a more integrated manure nutrient management approach.

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Effectiveness analysis and optimum design of the rotary regenerator for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system

Xi WU, Hong YE, Jianxiang WANG, Jie HE, Jian YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 193-199 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0184-z

摘要： The influence of the period of rotation on the effectiveness of the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) rotary regenerator was theoretically and experimentally investigated. It was found that the deviations of the theoretical results from the experimental ones decrease with the increase of the period of rotation. To the TPV system of 10 kW combustion power, the deviation is 3.5% when the rotation period is 3 s; while the deviation decreases to 1.5% when the rotation period increases to 15 s. The deviation could be mainly attributed to the cold and hot fluids carryover loss which was not considered in the model. With a new model taking account of the carryover loss established, the predicted results were greatly improved. Based on the modified model, the influence of geometrical parameters of rotary regenerator on the effectiveness was analyzed for TPV systems of various combustion power. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness increases with the increase of the rotary regenerator diameter and height, while fluid carryover loss increases at the same time, which weakens the impact of geometrical parameters.

关键词： thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system     rotary regenerator     effectiveness     carryover loss    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

期刊论文

Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

Lakshmi PATHAK, Kavita SHAH

期刊论文

Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

期刊论文

Review on environmental policies in China: Evolvement, features, and evaluation

ZHANG Kunmin, WEN Zongguo, PENG Liying

期刊论文

An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China: Policies, statistics, and future outlook

Deyi Hou, Guanghe Li, Paul Nathanail

期刊论文

Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai

期刊论文

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism for

LI Wei,HU Mengze

期刊论文

网络电子身份管理政策法规研究

邹翔,胡传平,方滨兴,陈兵

期刊论文

Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

期刊论文

Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface flow constructed

ZHANG Rongshe, LI Guanghe, ZHANG Xu, ZHOU Qi

期刊论文

A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for species

期刊论文

Advanced manufacturing technology effectiveness: A review of literature and some issues

Sanjeev GOYAL, Sandeep GROVER

期刊论文

Pollutant reduction effectiveness of low-impact development drainage system in a campus

Shuhan Zhang, Yingying Meng, Jiao Pan, Jiangang Chen

期刊论文

POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

期刊论文

Effectiveness analysis and optimum design of the rotary regenerator for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system

Xi WU, Hong YE, Jianxiang WANG, Jie HE, Jian YANG

期刊论文